新型激光多普勒微循环分析系统的研制

医疗器械正沿着无创伤、微型化、智能化的方向发展，本科研组研制的新型激光多普勒微循环分析系统正是顺应这一趋势而设计的．该系统采用先进的激光多普勒技术，成功地对传统的激光多普勒血流仪进行了改进，采用安全、稳定、小巧的半导体激光器和高灵敏达林顿光敏三极管，并使用电缆传输信号；在计算方法上，创造性地利用功率谱来计算血流参数．整个系统灵敏、稳定、成本低廉，已应用于临床和科研实践，深受用户的好评．本将详细讲述系统的硬件和软件设计．     

多功能激光血流血氧检测系统的研制

随着电子技术、激光技术和计算机技术的飞速发展，生物医学仪器亦有了长足的进步，研究无创伤、微型化和智能化的医疗器械已成为国内外学关注的热点．特别是各种无创检测设备的问世，标志着生物医学仪器的发展水平，同样也倍受广大患的青睐．本科研组在长期研究无创伤检测技术的基础上，成功地将激光多普勒血流参数、脉搏血氧和脑血氧饱和度的检测集成于一个系统中．其中的关键是：完成了多功能传感探头的设计，此探头可以根据需要准确地调节光源与接收器之间的距离，能够组成血流检测传感器、脉搏血氧和脑血氧检测传感器等，为医学与生理学研究提供了极大的便利；还明确提出了脑血氧饱和度的实用算法；优化了激光多普勒血流参数的DSP(数字信号处理)算法，即功率谱估算方法；以及尽量采用新型元器件，如用半导体激光器作为光源，达林顿光敏三极管作为信号接收器等．本较详细地阐述了系统的测量原理和软硬件设计。     

贵州安顺小黑土晚更新世古植被和古气候

小黑土剖面是黔中高原岩溶化盆地剖面,深390cm,未达基岩.采样71块,获孢粉17769粒,有71个科属,以本本花粉为主,其次为草本花粉,蕨类孢子较少.自下而上划分为二个孢粉组合带.反映出古植被变化为落叶阔叶树为主的常绿、落叶针阔叶混交林,附近山地有松林及云杉林一常绿、落叶针阔叶混交林及喜冷湿的莎草较多.古气候变化由温凉一温暧偏凉湿.其地质时代,经~(14)C测定,孔深390cm处为24500±1800a.B.P.;深310cm处为21260a.B.P.,属晚更新世.     

钢筋混凝土受弯构件的优化设计—一类离散型非线性规划

研究钢筋混凝土受弯构件的优化设计问题，建立了新的数学模型—一类离散型非线性规划，给出了计算步骤与若干算例．提出的算法容易在微机上实现，所有可行解都是整数解，而且所得最优值在一定条件下是总体最优值．     

菲涅耳半波带法公式A_K=a_1/2±a_k/2中K值的范围

本文对在点光源照明情况下,用菲涅耳半波带法求考察点P合振幅的近似公式A_k=a_1/2±a_k/2中K值的适用范围进行了讨论,纠正了某些光学书籍中对K值范围加以限制的结论     

Free fatty acids regulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells through GPR40

Diabetes, a disease in which carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are regulated improperly by insulin, is a serious worldwide health issue. Insulin is secreted from pancreatic beta cells in response to elevated plasma glucose, with various factors modifying its secretion. Free fatty acids (FFAs) provide an important energy source as nutrients, and they also act as signalling molecules in various cellular processes, including insulin secretion. Although FFAs are thought to promote insulin secretion in an acute phase, this mechanism is not clearly understood. Here we show that a G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR40, which is abundantly expressed in the pancreas, functions as a receptor for long-chain FFAs. Furthermore, we show that long-chain FFAs amplify glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells by activating GPR40. Our results indicate that GPR40 agonists and/or antagonists show potential for the development of new anti-diabetic drugs.     

加快现代化城市进程的探索

分析了加快现代化城市进程中产生的人口、土地、环境、资源合理利用方面的矛盾，在应用超前、创新的意识来规划设计城市，遵循可持续发展战略建设经营性的“数字城市”，利用地理信息系统来管理现代化城市方面进行了探索。     

Tumour micro-environment elicits innate resistance to RAF inhibitors through HGF secretion

Drug resistance presents a challenge to the treatment of cancer patients. Many studies have focused on cell-autonomous mechanisms of drug resistance. By contrast, we proposed that the tumour micro-environment confers innate resistance to therapy. Here we developed a co-culture system to systematically assay the ability of 23 stromal cell types to influence the innate resistance of 45 cancer cell lines to 35 anticancer drugs. We found that stroma-mediated resistance is common, particularly to targeted agents. We characterized further the stroma-mediated resistance of BRAF-mutant melanoma to RAF inhibitors because most patients with this type of cancer show some degree of innate resistance. Proteomic analysis showed that stromal cell secretion of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) resulted in activation of the HGF receptor MET, reactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K)-AKT signalling pathways, and immediate resistance to RAF inhibition. Immunohistochemistry experiments confirmed stromal cell expression of HGF in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma and showed a significant correlation between HGF expression by stromal cells and innate resistance to RAF inhibitor treatment. Dual inhibition of RAF and either HGF or MET resulted in reversal of drug resistance, suggesting RAF plus HGF or MET inhibitory combination therapy as a potential therapeutic strategy for BRAF-mutant melanoma. A similar resistance mechanism was uncovered in a subset of BRAF-mutant colorectal and glioblastoma cell lines. More generally, this study indicates that the systematic dissection of interactions between tumours and their micro-environment can uncover important mechanisms underlying drug resistance.     

不同生物炭进入土壤后对304不锈钢腐蚀的影响

生物炭在土壤应用过程,不可避免地会对与土壤之间接触的机械设备部分产生腐蚀作用。为探究生物炭应用于农业生产中对机械设备以及金属工具损耗的影响,采用分别在700、400和100℃温度下裂解制备的小麦秸秆生物炭(WB)、水稻秸秆生物炭(RB)和松木生物炭(PB)的生物炭对304不锈钢板材进行腐蚀处理,并测量其极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱和腐蚀表现。结果表明:与空白组(CK)对比,相较于304不锈钢的腐蚀速率,在施入WB的土壤中,腐蚀速率会随着WB裂解温度的增大而增大;而加入RB的土壤会加剧不锈钢的腐蚀,其中在加入400℃RB的土壤中腐蚀速率达到最大;这是因为WB和RB的加入会提升土壤中的Cl~-含量至足以达到点蚀效应的程度加速了不锈钢板材的腐蚀。与此同时,发现100℃制备的PB生物炭可以抑制不锈钢的腐蚀。总而言之,不同生物质和制备温度的生物炭在土壤实际应用中表现出不同的腐蚀和抗腐蚀特性,因此深入研究这些方面将为其农业应用具有深远影响。